An Expert Architecture is a system that integrates multiple experts to work together. The experts work to solve problems in a domain of knowledge. This type of architecture is also known as Multiexpert architecture.
DeepLabv3+-based architecture
In this article, we present a DeepLabv3+-based expert architecture for semantic segmentation of chest CT images. We compared its performance with other state-of-the-art segmentation methods. The results show that the proposed model has better overall segmentation accuracy than the other techniques. Moreover, its computational efficiency is better than most of the previous works.
This architecture utilizes augmented atrous spatial pyramid pooling (ASPP) to capture the multi-scale context of a feature. Context around a feature is very important for the effective and reliable segmentation. It also allows the resampling of the feature map.
Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling is a convolutional network that probes the image with multiple filters and extracts contextual information. The resulting output is then passed through a 1×1 convolution to generate a segmented mask.
The framework has a number of options for hardware implementation. It can be used for real-time segmentation applications. However, the performance may be influenced by the parameters in the encoder.
Lower atrous rates improve the segmentation performance. As a result, the receptive size is smaller, allowing intricate morphological details to be captured.
DeepLabv3+ is capable of surpassing ResNet-DUC-HDC, PSPNet, IDW-CNN, and other SOTA techniques. However, the boundary information about regions of interest may be lost when the CNN is downsampled.
A modified version of the DeepLabV3+ model has been developed to increase its segmentation performance. For example, the encoder was modified to use lower atrous rates, which gave better segmentation results.
Multiexpert architecture
Invent architects is an best architecture firm in coimbatore uses the Multiexpert architecture incorporates the problem solving capabilities of confined expert systems with the advantages of distributed experts. It provides an opportunity for experts to learn and to update their knowledge based on feedback.
Several machine learning methods can be used to accomplish this task. One example is the simulated annealing method. This technique solves conflicts among experts while allowing them to jointly improve the system.
Another way to build a multi-expert system is to use a neural network. While a neural network is useful, it is not necessarily a good representation of a multi-expert system.
An alternative approach is to build a real hierarchical architecture. Unlike the first approach, this method allows for the flow of information between the various layers.
A similar technique is the Jordan and Jacobs architecture. Described in detail in Algorithm 3, this system uses a hierarchical gating structure. For a given problem, higher levels of the architecture may favor choices that decrease the global energy of the system.
The Co-MEAL problem driver routine illustrates the functionality of this system. It takes as input a label set, L, and as an output, a retrained model.
The multi-expert architecture also uses standard encryption. Rather than requiring a user to install special software, anyone can join a session. Alternatively, any user can simply share the Connect Code in the participant lobby.
The multi-expert architecture also includes a control module. This component handles task allocation, dynamic scheduling, and problem decomposition.
Hearsay and all interpretation systems
A hearsay or interpretation system is a computer based system that uses audio or visual data for processing, recognition and analysis. In some cases, they can be thought of as pattern recognition systems. These technologies are particularly useful for tasks that require quick processing and the ability to recognize phonemes. They are also amenable to the use of artificial intelligence (AI) solutions.
One of the first examples of expert systems on a large scale was the SID, a LISP based software logic synthesis routine for VAX 9000 logic gates. It achieved impressive feats such as generating the largest number of logic gates for a given input. The first of its kind to do so, it also produced 93% of the VAX 9000 logic gates it was based upon.
As an indicator of its success, it was followed by numerous follow-on systems. The list includes the aforementioned SID, EL and CADUCEUS. Later versions employed object-oriented programming concepts. This paper provides a brief look at the many components that comprise these clever programmable wonders.
Its a tad bit of a challenge to produce a working version that can keep up with the pace of change. That said, the system has proven to be an excellent way to reduce the costs associated with employing expert knowledge. Indeed, in a nutshell, an expert system is a program that uses data and knowledge from a variety of sources to solve a problem. Generally, such a program is capable of solving problems in real time.
CADUCEUS and MYCIN
If you’re looking for a spiffy ‘expert’ system to aid in your daily duties, you might want to consider CADUCEUS or MYCIN. These systems are a cut above the rest, boasting features like augmented reality, artificial intelligence, and cloud computing.
CADUCEUS was an expert system built to diagnose a variety of medical problems. It was developed by Harry Pople of the University of Pittsburgh, and was based on years of interviews with leading internal medicine doctors. In the end, it was able to make a diagnosis on almost 1,000 different diseases, making it the most successful expert system in history.
Similarly, MYCIN was a computer-aided instruction for diagnosing bacteria. It also used artificial intelligence to make antibiotic recommendations based on a person’s weight and blood clotting rates. The aforementioned systems aren’t the only ones out there, but they’re among the best.
Among the myriad products available, there’s the Aidoc system, an advanced AI based healthcare decision support system. It’s not a machine though, but instead a software package that uses machine learning and imaging analysis to flag acute abnormalities in a person’s body.
There are more sophisticated systems out there, such as DIPS, a program designed to provide a diagnosis for instruction in problem solving. Another contender is the CAVE-A-MOUS, which uses artificial intelligence to analyze sonar data to detect submarines. Other notable systems include QMR, a medical aide that can perform a plethora of medical tests to detect disease-causing mutations in patients.
Structure of experts in image classification
The best way to go about classifying your images is to rely on a standardized methodology. One of the most common approaches is a triad of machine learning algorithms, followed by a human supervised curation of the images and then a pre-selected group of individuals to do the lion’s share of the sifting. Although the former is a de facto standard in its own right, the latter is by far the most labor intensive and time consuming. That said, it is also the most effective approach. Amongst the latter, the more mundane responsibilities are performed by a highly trained cadre of individuals who are armed with the latest tools and technologies. A recent survey of over 200 such participants showed that a significant fraction of the surveyed professionals have undergone a formal training program. Most of them have subsequently returned for further refinement in the following weeks. It is a fact that they are quite adept at tackling even the most challenging of classification problems. They are a formidable adversary and will no doubt challenge the best in the near future. Some have reportedly made the aforementioned mates as a full-time endeavor. While there are more than a few quirks and snafus in the making, the majority have made the transition. The good news is that there is no shortage of talented scribes. To boot, the novelty has not worn off.
Problems of developing an expert system to support a wider management area
Expert systems are computer applications that are built to help individuals make better decisions. They can handle extremely complicated tasks and reduce errors. However, they are not perfect. There are problems with the operation and management of expert systems.
In addition, they lack the ability to explain their decision-making. Therefore, it is important to select a proper tool. The right tool should be able to match the complexity of the ES and the project team’s qualifications. It should also have the required features to provide reliable recommendations in a specific task domain.
Expert systems are created by combining expertise from a knowledge base with an inference engine. This combination of information helps the system make intelligent, consistent and accurate decisions.
There are two types of expert systems: shells and domain-specific systems. Shells contain the inference engine and user interface. Domain-specific systems are incomplete, specific expert systems that require less programming expertise to construct.
Expert systems are usually constructed with general-purpose programming languages, such as C or C++. These programs are written to perform quickly and efficiently. However, expert systems are not meant to replace human experts.
In addition to their advantages, commercial architecture firm systems have a wide range of applications. For example, an expert system may be used for disease control or diagnostic tools. Additionally, an expert system can be combined with Big Data analysis, enabling real-time decision-making processes.
While expert systems offer many benefits, they may not be appropriate for all situations. End users can be reluctant to use the system or the ES may not be as effective as expected.
